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Main Page
* [[Kraljic Model]] (New Entry) * [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=73 Input-Output Model Interactivities]

19 KB (2,522 words) - 14:31, 9 May 2024
Model Risk
...can lead to a variety of financial and / or reputational [[Loss]] events. Model risk is generally considered to be a type of [[Operational Risk]]. ...ed to the assessment of risk, which is a common use in financial services, model risk can also be seen as a ''second-order'' risk (a contributing factor to

7 KB (1,077 words) - 19:50, 11 March 2024
Accuracy Ratio
...P)) of the model under consideration versus the "perfectly" discriminating model. (See also: [[Receiver Operating Characteristic]]) ...ex | Gini Coefficient]] yet it should not be confused with the more common use of that term to measure inequality.

3 KB (382 words) - 12:52, 16 September 2021
Algorithm
== Relevance for Model Performance == ...y constitute a significant component of the computational budget of a risk model in terms of computer memory requirements or computational power requiremen

2 KB (276 words) - 18:01, 5 December 2023
AMA Models
The AMA framework must include the use of four data elements: ...re is large discretion on how to combine the elements into a coherent risk model. Some common approaches:

2 KB (238 words) - 14:34, 19 November 2019
Backtesting
...ison of observed outcomes with expected outcomes derived from the use of a model. ...development or validation process. Backtesting compares the latest set of model predictions against actual realizations, with the validation sample being f

3 KB (371 words) - 23:40, 9 March 2021
Credit Bureau Scoring
...stem (i.e., the scoring system can use credit bureau scores as part of the model attribute set) ...riable(s) of the overall internal rating, there is a risk that an internal model may not consider all relevant information.<ref>ECB guide to internal models

4 KB (644 words) - 13:33, 19 November 2018
Data Cleansing
...ce a set that is suitable for use, e.g., in [[Model Development]] and/or [[Model Validation]]. ...a cleansing may hide issues with the dataset that would prevent building a model that is fit for purpose. For example engineering a less representative samp

2 KB (217 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Default Definition
...mply with this requirement, institutions should ensure that when they make use of external data or pooled data they have a complete understanding of the d ...fault definition in [[External Risk Data]] used to support building a risk model may differ (see ECB TRIM section)

8 KB (1,109 words) - 16:07, 22 February 2021
Economic Capital Models
...odels''' are a class of [[Portfolio]] level or [[Enterprise]] level [[Risk Model | risk models]] which typically aggregate within and across the risk types The overall structure of an economic capital model mirrors the recognized and capitalized regulatory [[Risk Type | risk types]

1 KB (169 words) - 15:02, 23 June 2020
Model Validation
...practices and organizational arrangements supporting a rigorous (audited) model development and validation cycle. Model Validation ensures that developed models offer good presentation of the var

1 KB (145 words) - 11:03, 15 September 2021
Model Inventory
...mation that is in use by a firm or organization. Sometimes also called a ''Model Map''. ...rall [[Model Governance]], with a key objective identifying and managing [[Model Risk]].

939 bytes (133 words) - 14:35, 19 November 2019
Model Documentation
...ns, derivations, tests and other analyses that support the use of a [[Risk Model]] for a given purpose. ...g good [[Model Governance]] and is an indispensable tool for [[Independent Model Validation]].

2 KB (243 words) - 12:04, 31 March 2021
Model Parameters
...h reference to data or be subject to explicit policy decisions. Important model parameters may become integral to the risk management process as they have Examples of model parameters include

893 bytes (116 words) - 18:42, 28 January 2020
Model Usage
...ed into business actions. It is the context into a certian model is put to use. ...any other model adjustment mechanisms that may intermediate and modify the model output before final action.

1 KB (161 words) - 19:43, 11 March 2024
Out of Sample Testing
...esting''' is the label of one of the most powerful quantitative means of [[Model Validation]] in the pre-implementation phase. ...on separating the total data set and restricting model development to the use of a sub-sample only. The sub-sample can be restricted in the time-dimensio

526 bytes (69 words) - 19:42, 27 January 2020
Roll Rates
* Estimating a roll rate matrix constitutes a simple type of a credit [[Risk Model]] in that it allows projecting likely outcomes over the future periods. Com ...nal Transition Matrix]] are useful to mitigate this weakness (and hidden [[Model Assumptions]])

4 KB (658 words) - 12:17, 7 September 2020
Visualization
...ps between variables (e.g., scatter plots, Q-Q plots, histograms), overall model performance (power curves) etc. There is large variety of possible [[Visual ...information with the unintentional or intentional abuse of the technique (use of wrong scales, misleading areas or volumes

912 bytes (109 words) - 13:29, 6 July 2020
Basel II Advanced IRB Capital Model
...wn empirical model to quantify required capital for credit risk. Banks can use this approach only subject to approval from their local regulators. Under A-IRB banks are supposed to use their own quantitative models to estimate PD ([[probability of default]]),

7 KB (1,023 words) - 12:30, 26 March 2021
Risk Limit
...g to distinguish limit systems that utilize additional (potentially [[Risk Model]] dependent parameters) from those that are based more directly on observab There is a large collection of potential pitfalls associated with the use of risk limits. We can group them roughly in two categories: immediate issu

6 KB (943 words) - 14:11, 4 October 2021
Model Taxonomy
'''Model Taxonomy''' is a classification and documentation system for the (financial A model taxonomy might be the organizing principle behind a [[Model Inventory]] system. It is related to be is distinct from the [[Risk Taxonom

5 KB (679 words) - 19:39, 11 March 2024
Model Outputs
...rical Variable | categorical variables]] that encapsulate the outcome of a model calculation or "run". The significance of such outcomes lies in the manner There is a wide variety of possible model outputs:

1 KB (153 words) - 11:34, 20 November 2019
Risk Taxonomy
...hest level decomposition (and a distinctive future of the taxonomy) is the use of ''contracting'' as key differentiator of risk types ...l) perspective places less weight to day-to-day operational and [[Business Model Risk]]

8 KB (1,110 words) - 16:01, 16 January 2023
COPYING
Risk Manual Template (Version 1.0 - May 2014). Use this text when generating new articles In case of synonyms use a parenthesis to indicated alternatives: (Also: AlternateName1, AlternateNa

2 KB (288 words) - 20:52, 19 October 2014
Risk Data Standards
...expertise to develop specifications to support the collection, sharing and use of structured data for data reporting and analysis. ...w.eba.europa.eu/regulation-and-policy/supervisory-reporting EBA Data Point Model] (Based on XBRL)

10 KB (1,432 words) - 17:18, 5 December 2023
Risk Data
* Organizations typically use diverse sources of risk data, which formally can be organized using a [[Ris ...[[Abstract Risk Model]] into a concrete [[Model Implementation]] via the [[Model Specification]] process.

2 KB (221 words) - 00:50, 20 November 2019
IFRS 9 Modeling Resources
...lp us maintain this list up-to-date by submitting additions / corrections (Use info at openrisk eu). Submissions should have a publicly accessible URL (li |Use of changes in the risk of a default occurring over the next 12 months when

24 KB (3,113 words) - 16:52, 1 September 2020
Credit Scoring Models
'''The credit scoring model collection focuses on the classic one period credit assessment / classifica * credit migration models that besides default aim to model an entire [[:Category:Credit_Rating_System | credit rating system]] and ass

11 KB (1,491 words) - 15:41, 7 March 2023
Entry Types
...tions of links to external resources. Collection pages will typically make use of tables to create an easily readable list. As an example the list of [[Fi === Model Descriptions ===

3 KB (397 words) - 23:34, 8 March 2021
Representativeness
...n attribute of [[Risk Data]], relevant in the context of developing [[Risk Model | risk models]]. It denotes the degree to which the historical data set off The concept is linked to, but is more loosely use in practise, than the [[wikipedia:Representativeness Heuristic | representa

477 bytes (66 words) - 13:57, 4 August 2019
IFRS 9 Glossary
...ssions and (where applicable) mathematical definitions / formulae. You can use the [[:Category:IFRS 9 | category tree]] to browse these articles directly. ...e first day of the first reporting period following the change in business model that results in an entity reclassifying financial assets

10 KB (1,464 words) - 11:38, 25 September 2020
Restructuring
...ing in the [[Loan Tape]], which constitutes a direct input to the sampling model.

4 KB (520 words) - 11:13, 31 March 2021
IFRS 9
...ring]] systems. While banks currently using the [[Advanced IRB Credit Risk Model | advanced internal ratings-based approach]] (IRB) to establish their capit If the asset passes the contractual cash flows test, the business model assessment determines how the instrument is classified. If the instrument

8 KB (1,123 words) - 13:25, 25 October 2019
Financial Guarantee
* It should include provisions on the use of ratings of third parties that provide contractual support to more than o ...uaranteed by a third party that is not in the range of application of a PD model and the guarantee fulfils all requirements for credit risk mitigation (CRM)

6 KB (895 words) - 14:41, 6 September 2020
Lifetime PD
* Whether the model estimation based on market data or historical default data ...th respect to SICR, when making the assessment, the reporting entity shall use the change in the risk of a default occurring over the expected life of the

2 KB (319 words) - 19:10, 21 December 2020
Risk Model
'''Risk Model''' denotes any quantitative (mathematical), qualitative or hybrid approach ...s still essential in quantitative risk models, at all stages of the [[Risk Model Lifecycle]]

2 KB (334 words) - 14:34, 20 November 2019
Open Source Risk Management Software
...list of projects (both big and small) that adopt the open source licensing model in the development of software relevant for risk management. The scope of t ...lp us maintain this list up-to-date by submitting additions / corrections (Use info at openrisk eu). Submissions should have a publicly accessible URL (li

4 KB (551 words) - 13:27, 28 June 2020
Garbage In Garbage Out
...l data ("Garbage In") and as a consequence produce nonsensical, unusable [[Model Outputs]] outcomes ("Garbage Out"). * Extensive use of [[Data Proxies]] due to lack of more relevant / representative data

2 KB (351 words) - 11:30, 27 June 2020
Five Cs Of Credit Analysis
* the intended purpose of the loan ([[Use of Funds]]) (consumption, investment etc.) ...jectively (in [[Expert Based Models]]) or quantitatively in [[Quantitative Model | quantitative / statistical models]].

9 KB (1,373 words) - 14:11, 29 March 2021
Economic Scenario Generator
An '''Economic Scenario Generator''' (ESG) refers to a mathematical model (and its computer implementation) that simulates possible future paths of e .... Such auxiliary specific models are typically implemented via [[Satellite Model | satellite models]].

5 KB (698 words) - 17:17, 30 October 2019
Collateral Valuation
* Automated Valuation Model * Use of consensual vs. non-consensual foreclosure (historic and forward looking)

2 KB (323 words) - 18:40, 24 January 2021
IT Data Integrity Risk
...T data life cycle (i.e. designing the data architecture, building the data model and/or data dictionaries, verifying data inputs, controlling data extractio * Use of faulty external data.

5 KB (777 words) - 19:01, 4 March 2020
Expected Life
...bly estimate the expected life of a financial instrument, the entity shall use the remaining contractual term (Maturity) of the financial instrument. * Use of the expected life of an instrument for ECL purposes differentiates the I

3 KB (392 words) - 13:13, 1 December 2022
Var-Covar Model
'''Var-Covar''' (Variance-Coveriance) model denotes a simple methodology that allows the [[Risk Aggregation]] of distin ...gation, e.g, to aggregate [[Market Risk]] in the [[Trading Book]]. Another use is to apply Var-Covar at the top level of risk aggregation, for example com

2 KB (274 words) - 13:00, 16 April 2021
SREP
...all the risks in their business but also to encourage banks to develop and use better risk management techniques in monitoring and managing their risks. F * Analysis of the viability of the [[Business Model]] of the bank or banking group and analysis of the sustainability of its [[

8 KB (1,117 words) - 15:00, 5 February 2020
Concentration Risk
* [[Revenue Risk]], e.g. from excess reliance on a particular [[Business Model]] ...bination of off-site monitoring and on-site examination. Some supervisors use off-site monitoring only, and some supervisors consider input from suppleme

4 KB (601 words) - 11:01, 24 September 2020
How to Build a Credit Scorecard
...n a business context. The approach follows the general lifecycle of [[Risk Model]] development adapted to the specific requirements of [[Credit Risk]]. ...specific to credit scorecards but are common across wider ranges of [[Risk Model Lifecycle | risk models]]

5 KB (622 words) - 18:41, 18 November 2020
Credit Scorecard Business Requirements
* The business use of the scorecard, e.g. [[Risk Acceptance]] of new clients on the basis of a ...rformance characteristics]] for accepting the deployment and/or continuing use of the scorecard

2 KB (310 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Privacy Policy
Cookies : We use cookies to help identify and track visitors in their usage of the website, Log files :We use IP addresses to analyse trends, administer the site, track usage, and gathe

3 KB (521 words) - 16:00, 16 May 2022
Credit Portfolio Model
'''Credit Portfolio Model''' denotes any mathematical framework that aims to emulate the evolution of == Model Types ==

3 KB (429 words) - 14:55, 23 June 2020
The Zen of Modeling
* An undocumented risk model is only a computer program * A risk model that cannot be programmed is only a concept

1 KB (214 words) - 12:53, 30 May 2017
EXIOBASE
...cribed as “a global (multi-regional) Environmentally Extended Supply-and-Use / Input-Output database”. ...ion related to agricultural and settlement activities for 15 types of land use.

7 KB (1,018 words) - 19:04, 30 April 2024
Risk Event
.... The required detail of that description is open-ended and depends on the use case and context. ...may require specialized additional attibutes and an underlying conceptual model for a meaningful description of the event. As an example the description of

3 KB (517 words) - 15:08, 10 August 2021
EBA 2018 EU-Wide Stress Test
...Stress Test | "bottom-up"]] in the sense that banks are requested to make use of their models but are subject to a number of [[Conservative Constraints i ...ation of impairments and the translation to available capital requires the use of statistical methods and includes the following main steps:

4 KB (678 words) - 14:10, 17 February 2021
IFRS 9 Model Validation
'''IFRS 9 Model Validation''' refers to the policies and procedures that must be in place t Guidance on IFRS 9 Model Validation is provided in EBA's Guidance Paper<ref>EBA/GL/2017/06</ref> and

6 KB (893 words) - 12:53, 16 September 2021
NPL Risk Factors
...fast high NPL portfolios should be reduced. These stakeholders will often use national or international benchmarks and peer analysis. * NPL risk is not normal part of the business model of banks and there is significantly less developed framework for understand

4 KB (608 words) - 16:57, 1 September 2020
Targeted Review of Internal Models
...and appropriateness of approved [[Pillar I]] internal models permitted for use by significant institutions when calculating own funds requirements Reduction of unwarranted variability in RWA as it relates to internal model outcomes, taking into account

1 KB (168 words) - 11:42, 16 April 2020
Default Rate
...pool and additionally for the type of exposures covered by the relevant PD model as well as for any relevant calibration segment. ...observation period, but which were within the range of application of the model under consideration (‘missing

11 KB (1,612 words) - 14:40, 6 September 2020
Credit Rating System
* A set of [[Credit Rating Model | credit rating models]] * Credit markets make extensive use of various forms of explicit [[Financial Guarantee]] contracts or implicit

3 KB (358 words) - 16:06, 22 February 2021
Expected Loss Best Estimate
...imating LGD on non-defaulted exposures as they are in fact part of the LGD model * When estimating ELBE institutions should use the same RDS and the same methods for computing the long-run average LGD in

4 KB (570 words) - 09:59, 14 May 2021
Margin of Conservatism
...ed with the selection of methods and quantitative methods underpinning the model. For the purposes of applying the MoC during the phases of model development, estimation and calibration institutions should consider:

9 KB (1,337 words) - 00:44, 14 November 2019
EBA 2018 Stress Test Definitions
...rtant component of the LGD estimations. In doing so, banks are required to model cure rates when estimating PDs and LGDs, and report them in the template CS ...aired Financial Asset]] in appendix A of the IFRS 9 regulation. Banks will use their own interpretation of definition of S3 for the starting point of the

17 KB (2,890 words) - 23:45, 4 May 2018
IFRS 9 versus IRB Models
...and Regulatory [[Pillar I | Internal Rating Based]] frameworks require the use of quantitative [[Credit Risk]] estimates. This entry summarizes their rel ! Aspect !! Internal Ratings-Based Model !! IFRS 9 Model

2 KB (250 words) - 14:14, 29 March 2021
Risk Metric
...management disciplines such as [[Market Risk]] or [[Credit Risk]] tend to use wider and mathematically more complicated risk metrics. ...hybrid. Quantitative metrics may involve a more or less complicated [[Risk Model]].

1 KB (193 words) - 13:55, 16 April 2021
Forward-Looking Scenario
...he context of [[IFRS 9]] and [[Regulatory Stress Testing]]. It denotes the use of defined narratives ([[Scenario | scenarios]]) about the temporal develop ...actors]] underpinning the scenario are used in conjuction with [[Satellite Model | satellite models]] to assess the impact on the organization, portfolio et

655 bytes (85 words) - 12:30, 9 October 2019
LGD In-Default
...imating LGD on non-defaulted exposures as they are in fact part of the LGD model. ...t does not allow an accurate assessment of risk. Where an institution does use a constant charge, it should justify this. It should demonstrate that the c

3 KB (422 words) - 10:16, 14 May 2021
Best Practices in Credit Portfolio Management
** Management of Inherent Model Risk * Embedding and use in Business Operations

12 KB (1,494 words) - 20:11, 11 March 2024
Downturn LGD
...ars (see paragraph 123(a) above) for each facility grade or pool that they use. When the LGD estimates result from combining different components (for exa ...LGD estimates (by facility grade or pool) or, if applicable, estimates of model components (including MoC) obtained by the institution are lower than those

6 KB (861 words) - 18:45, 7 November 2019
Loss Given Default Models
== Model Usage == ...anges are identified by splitting the full range of application of the LGD model into different parts on the basis of potential drivers for risk differentia

7 KB (1,048 words) - 12:27, 16 September 2021
FX Lending Risk
...ture the full impact of FX risk in credit performance, it is unlikely that use of such FX sensitive credit parameters with one of the capitalization optio ...oss rates. For transition rates, the impact should be based on [[Satellite Model | satellite models]] that link the macroeconomic scenario to the transition

3 KB (512 words) - 13:04, 16 April 2021
Threshold Models
== Model Variations == * '''The Role of thresholds in model construction'''. For a large class of models, thresholds are ''inputs'' an

6 KB (1,061 words) - 19:01, 4 September 2020
External Credit Assessment Institution
...ratings to financial and non-financial companies under the subscriber-pays model. ...Rating Platform. Consult www.Moodys.com for current information & terms of use.

14 KB (2,064 words) - 22:31, 27 September 2021
External Risk Data
...ures to obligors or facilities grades or pools, the data used to build the model must be representative of the population of the institution’s actual obli ...sis and/or qualitative argumentation) that the information gained from the use of the external data outweighs any drawbacks stemming from the deficiencies

4 KB (542 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Vendor Risk Model
...ny risk quantification systems (including data and algorithms) that are in use by a firm / organization without having been developed in-house ...ons should ensure in such cases that all relevant internal information for model development and parameter calibration is taken into account.

1 KB (165 words) - 14:31, 19 November 2019
Probability of Default Model
A '''Probability of Default Model''' (PD Model) is any formal quantification framework that enables the calculation of a [ * at a PD model level when assigning exposures to different ranking/scoring methods;

6 KB (863 words) - 17:49, 11 October 2019
Credit Rating Philosophy
* the model should perform under different economic conditions. ...ignments or risk parameters estimates with caution, especially when making use of rating information or default experience obtained

5 KB (700 words) - 10:27, 22 February 2021
Shadow Rating
* when an internal model of a bank or other credit risk bearing firm targets external ratings provid A shadow rating model<ref>ECB guide to internal models - Credit Risk, Sep 2018</ref> (SRM) is an

4 KB (539 words) - 19:21, 8 February 2021
Catalog of Loss Given Default Models
...academic priority but to provide sufficient documentation for each listed model == LGD Model Classification ==

6 KB (778 words) - 12:39, 16 September 2021
Long-run Loss Given Default
...thin the LGD grade. Institutions should demonstrate that the approach they use does not distort the actual observed loss. ...n the realised LGDs before the application of this floor in the process of model development for the purpose of risk differentiation<ref>Paragraph 6.3.2.4 o

9 KB (1,396 words) - 18:07, 7 November 2019
Risk Distribution
...racteristics and these tend to be very important in determining fitness of use for particular risk applications ...e nature of the realized risk usually dictates which type is meaningful to use

10 KB (1,033 words) - 13:56, 18 October 2021
Credit Scoring with Python
...e functionality of various existing packages with the various steps of the model development / validation process. * models that use [[Financial Market Information]] such as observed [[Credit Spread | credit

8 KB (1,121 words) - 13:48, 21 September 2020
ESMA Leasing Exposures Table
...Region fields, e.g. 2013 for NUTS3 2013. All geographic region fields must use the same classification consistently for each underlying exposure and acros Use the same currency denomination as that used for this underlying exposure.

26 KB (3,745 words) - 20:58, 12 February 2019
ESMA Automobile Exposures Table
...Region fields, e.g. 2013 for NUTS3 2013. All geographic region fields must use the same classification consistently for each underlying exposure and acros ...odel|ESMA Automobile.Exposures.Model]] || ALPHANUM-100 || Name of the car model.

27 KB (3,842 words) - 21:04, 12 February 2019
Equity Correlation Matrix
A '''Equity Correlation Matrix''' denotes a ''measure'' (or a ''model'') of ''dependency'' between different corporate entities that is inferred ...of investment portfolios (usually as component of a larger set of data and model assumptions)

11 KB (1,744 words) - 12:13, 10 June 2021
Mean-Variance Model
...odels that underpin [[wikipedia:Modern portfolio theory]]. A mean-variance model is built on a limited set of parameters namely, mean, standard deviation an ...able return projections, have nice mathematical properties and are easy to use, interpret and understand.

1 KB (134 words) - 22:31, 25 March 2019
Asset Correlation Matrix
...ation Matrix]] used in the context of a certain type of [[Credit Portfolio Model | credit portfolio models]] ...the liability structure of the firm. The underlying theory supporting the use of an asset matrix as input to estimating [[Default Correlation]] is that o

1 KB (195 words) - 15:19, 3 April 2019
Business Model
A '''Business Model''' is the blueprint of how the resources, providers, clients, partners etc ...tionships and processes between external and internal actors. The business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captu

4 KB (538 words) - 15:41, 11 May 2023
Calibration Segment
...y identified ''subset'' of exposures under the scope of application of the model which is jointly calibrated. <ref>EBA Guidelines on PD estimation, LGD est ...or LGD model are jointly calibrated, the whole scope of application of the model is considered one calibration segment

1 KB (195 words) - 00:11, 24 May 2019
Human Judgement
...'' is used in the assignment of exposures to the grades or pools of a risk model Institutions may use human judgement in the application of risk model in the following cases:

5 KB (744 words) - 14:41, 6 September 2020
Roll Rate versus Rating Migration Matrices
...data and interpretations that may introduce significant subjectivity and [[Model Risk]] (but also - in principle - allow more forward looking risk assessmen

1 KB (150 words) - 16:09, 15 June 2019
SME Credit Scorecard
* Quantitative Scorecards ([[Credit Scoring Models]]) that use exclusively or primarily quantitative inputs and algorithmic processing ([[ #the linear probability model

3 KB (412 words) - 12:59, 7 September 2020
How to Build an SME Credit Scorecard
...| performance characteristics]] for accepting the deployment or continuing use of the scorecard ...gulatory bodies involved. This may place constraints on data requirements, model explainability etc.

9 KB (1,305 words) - 17:41, 8 September 2020
SME Credit Risk Literature
...cular purpose. All quantitative methodologies are subject to substantial [[Model Risk]] * Use the feedback functionality to request adding or removing a reference

8 KB (1,007 words) - 13:00, 7 September 2020
Expert Scorecards
While any linear quantitative model shares some commonalities with a scorecard it is best to keep separate term The main reason scorecards see widespread use is because the technique allows non-quantitative staff to develop a risk an

2 KB (241 words) - 19:55, 11 March 2024
Logistic Regression Credit Scorecard
...e a type of [[Credit Scoring Models | credit scoring model]] in widespread use to support [[Credit Decisioning]] in various [[Consumer Finance]] and [[SME This entry serves as the [[Abstract Risk Model]] specification of a Logistic Regression Scorecard

3 KB (417 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Integrated Assessment Model
An '''Integrated Assessment Model''' (IAM) is any model that attempts to integrate knowledge from two or more domains of expertise ...ions along a number of dimensions.<ref>TCDF 2018, Technical Supplement The Use of Scenario Analysis in Disclosure of Climate-Related Risks and Opportuniti

837 bytes (116 words) - 12:07, 22 July 2019
Risk Model Ontology
...any framework that aims to represent and categorize knowledge about [[Risk Model | risk models]] using semantic information technologies. This article documents a Risk Model Ontology (Description of a Model, DOAM)

4 KB (617 words) - 15:52, 20 November 2019
Open Source Financial Software
...projects that adopt the [https://spdx.org/licenses/ open source licensing model] in the development of financial / insurance software. ...is achieved with the predominant use of open source software the business model is termed [[Open Source Finance]]

4 KB (544 words) - 13:11, 12 October 2021
Exploratory Data Analysis
...t of [[Quantitative Risk Management]] as one of the first steps towards [[Model Development]] . Due to the reliance on data and sensitivity to [[Data Quali * Support the selection of appropriate [[Risk Model | models]]

4 KB (561 words) - 17:34, 5 December 2023
Credit Risk Modelling with Python
...rganized along two dimensions: risk model use (which typically implies the model type) and borrower/product type. ! Use Case !! Retail Unsecured !! Retail Secured !!

2 KB (95 words) - 12:39, 2 August 2019
Risk Data Review
The scope of a risk data review varies depending on the context of the data use, the significance of decision making it supports etc. It would typically co ...ked to the specific use case. Risk data used for the development of [[Risk Model | risk models]] must meet requirements beyond the assessment of [[Data Qual

1 KB (186 words) - 13:11, 21 September 2020
Numerical Precision
* Ensure a measure of reproducibility in the context of [[Model Validation]] ...difficult to use reliably and portably. Many hardware floating-point units use the IEEE 754 standard.

1 KB (172 words) - 11:12, 30 October 2019
Numerical Variable
...ny integer or real variable that is used in the representation of a [[Risk Model]], encoding [[Explanatory Variables]], [[Risk Factor]] or [[Risk Metric]] ...s by application. Numerical variables may include negative ranges (but the use of the complex domain is not usual except as a computational tool).

1 KB (161 words) - 13:52, 16 April 2021
Retail Credit Scorecard
...are quantitative (statistical) scorecards ([[Credit Scoring Models]]) that use exclusively or primarily quantitative inputs and algorithmic processing ([[ ...statistical model, the predictive performance of scoring models exhibits [[Model Decay]], as both the borrower's own characteristics may change and the exte

2 KB (309 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Risk Management Wisdom
<li>Financial risk model complexity and quality are not necessarily correlated. But complexity is al ...risk assessment the fallback is polling expert opinion. Human experts will use analogy

3 KB (490 words) - 14:48, 24 April 2024
Address
...Representation data type: "Representation of an address spatial object for use in external application schemas that need to include the basic, address inf ...hod through which different Addresses can be converted from one conceptual model to another.

1 KB (215 words) - 15:24, 6 February 2024
Measurable Asset
...oncept of Asset to accouting, book-keeping etc where it is measured should use this now term in place of the parent term "Asset". Note also that the moved

1 KB (189 words) - 11:05, 8 October 2019
Formula Expression
...ly in terms of its component parts. Where this would not add to the model, use the textual simple fact "Expression" instead.

983 bytes (152 words) - 11:06, 8 October 2019
Average Life
...et data feed. When you model MBS you calculate Average Life as part of the model i.e. you estimate the percentage of prepayment in the next x length of time

2 KB (396 words) - 11:08, 8 October 2019
USEEIO
[[USEEIO]] is an environmental-economic model of US goods and services that can be used for life cycle assessment, footpr Environmentally-Extended Input-Output Model v2.0, W. W. Ingwersen et al. 2022</ref>

1,009 bytes (129 words) - 18:44, 30 April 2024
Credit Agreement Terms
...ency, risk type and so on (as per Credit Facility generally). So one might use the borrowing for trade finance, revolving credit facility, straight draw-d

3 KB (518 words) - 11:16, 8 October 2019
Real Property Appraisal
...ethodologies and is conducted by an appraiser or technology with a logical model that performs the same function. * As needed, use the worksFor property to connect appraisers to the appraisal management com

1 KB (163 words) - 19:11, 24 January 2021
Prepayment Risk Model
A '''Prepayment Risk Model''' is a specialized quantification framework that aims to estimate the rang ...approaches to modeling prepayments, depending on the context and use of [[Model Outputs]].

2 KB (321 words) - 17:40, 1 December 2022
Securitisation
* Investors use securitization to obtain access (invest) in credit assets * Originators may use securitization as part of their [[Credit Portfolio Management]] tools

2 KB (313 words) - 13:03, 21 September 2020
Overview of the Julia-Python-R Universe
...the question: Where (as in what kind of device and operating system) can I use Python, R or Julia? ''NB: This is not a manual of how-to install Python or ...quality of documentation is an important factor in adoption and efficient use of a language as it both helps beginners learn new functionality and experi

49 KB (6,566 words) - 18:07, 31 March 2023
Temporal Concentration
...ther proposed [[wikipedia:Point process | point processes]] can be used to model temporal concentration. For use cases where an index type measure is appropriate the following steps provid

1 KB (185 words) - 23:12, 14 June 2021
Model Risk Taxonomy
...''' denotes the categorization of different aspects and realizations of [[Model Risk]] into a consistent overall framework that may help with mitigating or A model risk taxonomy is related to the broader [[Risk Taxonomy]] that is applicabl

4 KB (638 words) - 13:39, 11 January 2021
Model Inputs
...k Data]]) that are used as mathematical inputs to be processed by a [[Risk Model]] There is a wide variety of possible model inputs:

1,006 bytes (127 words) - 11:37, 20 November 2019
Sustainability Scenarios
...energy mixes complemented with the E3ME, a global macro-econometric model model that covers the global economy ...on (residential, services, agriculture, industry, transport and non-energy use); energy transformation (including power generation and heat, refinery and

3 KB (401 words) - 12:59, 11 May 2022
Sustainable Electricity
Individuals, companies and organizations more broadly can reduce their use of electricity by investing in energy efficient technologies and energy con ...transparent accounting of GHG emissions and reductions resulting from the use of sustainable electricity.

5 KB (759 words) - 16:05, 9 June 2023
Value Added
...put-Output Analysis]], Value Added is an additional ''row'' added to the [[Use Table]] or the [[Input-Output Matrix]] account for the other (non-industri ...www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=70 Crash Course on Input-Output Model Mathematics]

2 KB (216 words) - 18:48, 16 November 2023
Sustainability Strategies
...loans, which must be compliant with specific requirements in terms of the use of funds, transparency and close monitoring of the projects that receive th ...after performing a technical assessment of the circularity of the business model;

2 KB (325 words) - 16:44, 3 June 2020
Project Finance
...all loans or equities to projects for specific purposes (i.e., with known use of proceeds) that are on the balance sheet of the financial institution. Th * [[Borrowing Base]] Model

4 KB (633 words) - 13:56, 15 June 2023
IRRBB
...valuate the development of appropriate IT systems and the soundness of the model validation process. ...arios on the economic value of equity and net interest income. Supervisors use regulatory reports together with outlier tests and different economic and f

3 KB (359 words) - 14:21, 5 February 2020
Receivables Discounting
== Business Model Description == ...erates off balance sheet liquidity without creating additional leverage or use of credit facilities (as would be the case with a traditional loan facility

7 KB (1,050 words) - 10:47, 25 February 2020
Forfaiting
== Business Model Description == ...with the [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/business-model-risk/ Business Model Risk identification framework]

10 KB (1,429 words) - 11:30, 15 June 2021
Factoring
== Business Model Description == ...with the [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/business-model-risk/ Business Model Risk identification framework]

12 KB (1,791 words) - 15:46, 8 February 2020
Payables Finance
== Business Model Description == ...avour of its suppliers. The buyer encourages its suppliers to consider the use of this Payables Finance programme; the suppliers make an independent decis

8 KB (1,186 words) - 16:14, 8 February 2020
Loan or Advance against Receivables
== Business Model Description == ...are only made where the seller (the borrower) has, or will acquire through use of the loan monies, receivables arising from its business activities as a s

5 KB (701 words) - 12:41, 8 February 2020
Cloud Computing
Cloud computing describes a new consumption and delivery model for IT services based on the Internet, and it typically involves the provis * pay-per-use

2 KB (215 words) - 21:47, 27 September 2021
Four Corner Model
...g the services of separate financial institutions or service providers and use their services acting on an interoperable basis.

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Three Corner Model
...ing the services of the same financial institution or service provider and use its services to carry out intermediation functions of various kinds

274 bytes (39 words) - 23:03, 10 February 2020
Credit Scorecard Taxonomy
...obability of Default]], e.g 3.5%, which may obtained directly from scoring model or via a [[Default Probability Table]] * Quantitative Scorecards ([[Credit Scoring Models]]) that use exclusively or primarily quantitative inputs and algorithmic processing ([[

3 KB (359 words) - 21:01, 11 September 2020
Impact Analysis
In the context of an [[Input-Output Model]], it is the use of IO tables and additional assumptions to assess the potential economic im ...Analysis | multipliers]], constitutes one of the most frequent uses of the model.

3 KB (411 words) - 18:14, 16 November 2023
Business Continuity Glossary
| [[Business Continuity Maturity Model ]] | A model or recognised system of control categories that covers all internal control

90 KB (12,017 words) - 15:01, 10 August 2021
Model Approximation
...ent and use, thus resorting to techniques that aim to reproduce the target model up to a point but not in its entirety [[Category:Model Development]]

355 bytes (51 words) - 10:57, 25 March 2020
World Input-Output Database
World Input-Output tables and underlying data, covering 43 countries, and a model for the rest of the world for 2000-2014. Data for 56 sectors are classified Inter-country Supply-Use and Input-Output tables

3 KB (397 words) - 19:18, 30 April 2024
EBA Guidelines on Loan Origination and Monitoring
| [[Creditworthiness Assessment Model | Models for creditworthiness assessment and credit decision-making]] | [[Early Warning Indicators for Credit Risk | Use of early warning indicators/watch lists in credit monitoring]]

8 KB (957 words) - 15:48, 31 March 2022
Credit Risk Policy
* requirements and procedures regarding the acceptance and use of collateral and credit risk mitigation measures, to determine their effec ...l risk, taking into account the criteria set out in Section 4.3.4, and for model risk-related aspects of the EBA Guidelines on the supervisory review and ev

7 KB (921 words) - 22:02, 25 October 2021
Technology-enabled innovation for credit granting
...del, credit risk exposure, complexity of the methods and the extent of the use of technology-enabled innovation. * Ensure that the management body has a sufficient understanding of the use of technology-enabled innovation, its limitation and the impact it has on c

2 KB (252 words) - 14:50, 3 June 2020
Creditworthiness Assessment Model
A '''Creditworthiness Assessment Model''' is any [[Credit Risk Model]] that is used by an organization to assess [[Credit Risk]] ([[Creditworthi ...opriate to the model’s use, including backtesting the performance of the model;

2 KB (241 words) - 11:11, 22 February 2021
Credit Information
| business model and, when relevant, corporate structure; Institutions and creditors may use the already available information and data for existing customers and borro

5 KB (670 words) - 21:03, 3 June 2020
Corporate Credit Risk Analysis
* analyse the organisational structure, business model and strategy of the borrower, as set out below; ...d with a higher ESG risk, a more intensive analysis of the actual business model of the borrower is required, including a review of current and projected gr

12 KB (1,843 words) - 14:46, 1 September 2020
SME Credit Risk Analysis
# analyse the [[Business Model]] and [[Business Strategy]] of the borrower, as set out below; ...d with a higher ESG risk, a more intensive analysis of the actual business model of the borrower is required, including a review of current and projected gr

11 KB (1,537 words) - 22:17, 31 March 2021
Valuation of Immovable Property Collateral
...he model. If the confidence measure in the supporting advanced statistical model indicates low robustness, and/or other property-specific information gives When institutions use external valuers, they should establish a panel (a list) of accepted extern

4 KB (611 words) - 16:04, 4 June 2020
Valuation of Movable Property Collateral
When institutions use external valuers, they should establish a panel (selection) of accepted ext ...institutions should ensure that they have obtained a clear and transparent model outcome, specifying the value of the collateral. Institutions should unders

3 KB (377 words) - 16:22, 4 June 2020
Statistical Models for Valuation
'''Statistical Models for Valuation''' are financial models that use granular data about assets and transaction prices to establish a [[Valuatio ...models’ proven track record, property-specific variables considered, the use of minimum available and accurate information, and models’ uncertainty.

2 KB (261 words) - 17:37, 4 June 2020
Decision Tree
...e a type of [[Credit Scoring Models | credit scoring model]] in widespread use to support [[Credit Decisioning]] in various [[Consumer Finance]] and [[SME This entry serves as the [[Abstract Risk Model]] specification of a Decision Tree Scorecard

860 bytes (99 words) - 14:06, 8 April 2021
Goodness of Fit
...asures that can assess the fitness of a statistical model for its intended use

241 bytes (36 words) - 15:53, 5 September 2020
Credit Scorecard Development
...d some form of implementation (e.g. spreadsheets) and formal monitoring of use. * the ''conceptual side'', which focuses on model development and which we might term the [[Data Science]] component

5 KB (625 words) - 21:02, 11 September 2020
Akaike Information Criterion
...data. Thus Akaike proposed a framework in which both model estimation and model selection can be simultaneously accomplished.<ref>Operational risk – Revi ...e likelihood of the function, log is the natural logarithm, and i is the i model (or PI) for which the AIC is computed.

2 KB (240 words) - 21:02, 11 September 2020
Competitors
...Segment | customers]]. Competitors may use similar or different [[Business Model | business models]]. [[Category:Business Model Risk Ontology]]

706 bytes (94 words) - 16:39, 10 February 2023
Federated Learning Glossary
For easier use of the glossary we classify terms according to context in which they arize. * '''Use Case''' is a general application domain where some type of federated analys

14 KB (1,956 words) - 20:12, 17 March 2023
Risk Function Ontology
== Use in the Open Risk Manual == ...ic_technology | semantic technology]] can be the starting point for a risk model ontology. The Open Risk Manual adopts the W3C. The [https://www.w3.org/OWL

3 KB (421 words) - 23:05, 25 November 2020
How to Estimate a Transition Matrix
...matrix will be just one quantitative element in broader toolkit of [[Risk Model Lifecycle | risk models]] ...must conform to formal requirements around [[:Category:Model Development | Model Development]], including explicit specifications about [[Data Quality]] etc

3 KB (467 words) - 12:26, 19 April 2021
ISCO Unit Group 2112 Meteorologists
...ted from meteorological stations, radar and satellite imagery and computer model output to plot and forecast weather conditions; ...cal computer models of weather and climate for experimental or operational use;

2 KB (322 words) - 11:56, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3118.3 Drafter
* Use Manual Draughting Techniques * Use Technical Drawing Software

6 KB (588 words) - 12:07, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3432.3 Miniature Set Designer
* Model Sets * Use Personal Protection Equipment

2 KB (260 words) - 12:07, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2511.2 Data Analyst
...urces and repositories provide consistent and reliable data. Data analysts use different algorithms and IT tools as demanded by the situation and the curr

2 KB (213 words) - 12:09, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 1330.7 Ict Project Manager
* Hybrid Model * Use Ict Ticketing System

2 KB (244 words) - 12:09, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2149.10 Optical Engineer
* Model Optical Systems * Use Precision Tools

3 KB (332 words) - 12:12, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2149.2 Application Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Methods Of Logistical Data Analysis

8 KB (898 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2521.2 Database Designer
* Use Markup Languages * Use Access Control Software

2 KB (282 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 7313.1 Jeweller
...ost wax casting process. They may undertake the casting process (place wax model in casting ring, create moulds, pour molten metal into mould, or operate ce * Use Jewellery Equipment

3 KB (340 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2266.2 Speech And Language Therapist
* Formulate A Case Conceptualisation Model For Therapy * Use E-Health And Mobile Health Technologies

4 KB (417 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2163.1 Industrial Designer
* Use Cae Software * Use Specialised Design Software

3 KB (348 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 7532.1 Clothing Cad Patternmaker
...esting modules of the CAD system and material consumption. Once the sample model has been approved for production, these professionals make series of patte * Use 3D Scanners For Clothing

1 KB (149 words) - 12:13, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2514.2 Ict Application Developer
* Use Software Design Patterns * Use Software Libraries

3 KB (297 words) - 12:15, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3315.2 Gemmologist
* Use Gemstone Identification Equipment * Model Mineral Deposits

1 KB (175 words) - 12:15, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2434.1 Ict Account Manager
* Use Customer Relationship Management Software * Hybrid Model

2 KB (199 words) - 12:16, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 1330.9 Telecommunications Manager
* Use Ict Ticketing System * Outsourcing Model

2 KB (192 words) - 12:16, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2141.3 Industrial Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Non-Destructive Testing Equipment

9 KB (965 words) - 12:18, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2512.2 Software Architect
...ect''': Software architects create the technical design and the functional model of a software system, based on functional specifications. They also design * Use Markup Languages

3 KB (282 words) - 12:20, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3118.4 Printed Circuit Board Designer
...cal placing of conductive tracks, coppers, and pin pads in the board. They use computer programmes and specialised software for the designs. * Use Cad Software

1 KB (167 words) - 12:21, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3432.5 Set Designer
* Model Sets * Use Technical Documentation

3 KB (399 words) - 12:21, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2114.3 Mineralogist
...and other physical aspects of the earth. They analyse various minerals and use scientific equipment to determine their structure and properties. Their wor * Use Earth Sciences Tools

2 KB (218 words) - 12:21, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 3512.4 Ict Technician
* Use Repair Manuals * Use Precision Tools

2 KB (267 words) - 12:21, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2529.7 Ict Security Manager
* Outsourcing Model * Open Source Model

2 KB (232 words) - 12:21, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2651.10 Sculptor
'''Sculptor''': Sculptors may use a wide variety of materials to create sculptures, such as stone, clay, glas * Create Model

1 KB (159 words) - 12:22, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2144.1 Mechanical Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cad Software

11 KB (1,152 words) - 12:25, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2151.1 Electrical Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Precision Tools

7 KB (720 words) - 12:26, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 2162.1 Landscape Architect
* Use Cad Software * Use Landscaping Service Equipment

2 KB (248 words) - 12:27, 26 February 2021
ISCO Occupation Group 5241.1 Art Model
...ptures or create photographic art. Art models are professional models that use their body to become the object of the artist's creation. * Artists' Model

1 KB (184 words) - 12:27, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2269.9.4 Music Therapist
'''Music Therapist''': Music therapists use music-therapeutic interventions to treat patients with behavioural disorder * Use Therapeutic Communication Techniques

5 KB (544 words) - 12:42, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.1 Aerospace Engineering Drafter
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cadd Software

2 KB (190 words) - 12:43, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.3 Automotive Engineering Drafter
* Use Cadd Software * Use Technical Drawing Software

2 KB (189 words) - 12:43, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.8 Optoelectronic Engineer
* Model Optical Systems * Use Cad Software

3 KB (327 words) - 12:44, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.9 Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning And Refrigeration Drafter
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Computer-Aided Engineering Systems

2 KB (257 words) - 12:44, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2634.2.3 Health Psychologist
* Formulate A Case Conceptualisation Model For Therapy * Use E-Health And Mobile Health Technologies

4 KB (489 words) - 12:44, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.3 Automotive Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Build A Product'S Physical Model

2 KB (239 words) - 12:44, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2151.1.3 Electromechanical Engineer
...lectromechanical engineers design and develop equipment and machinery that use both electrical and mechanical technology. They make draughts and prepare d * Model Electromechanical Systems

4 KB (356 words) - 12:45, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2163.1.6 Model Maker
'''Model Maker''': Model makers create three-dimensional scale models or various designs or concepts * Build A Product'S Physical Model

2 KB (199 words) - 12:45, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2522.1.2 System Configurator
* Open Source Model * Hybrid Model

3 KB (280 words) - 12:46, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.7 Fluid Power Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use A Computer

2 KB (265 words) - 12:46, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.4 Container Equipment Design Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cad Software

2 KB (260 words) - 12:47, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.1 Computer Hardware Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Model Hardware

3 KB (376 words) - 12:47, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2142.1.6 Mining Geotechnical Engineer
...measurements using geotechnical investigation methods and techniques. They model the mechanical behaviour of the rock mass and contribute to the design of t * Use Mine Planning Software

1 KB (152 words) - 12:47, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 7536.2.4 Footwear Patternmaker
...ting variants and perform material consumption estimation. Once the sample model has been approved for production, they produce series of patterns for range * Use Communication Techniques

1 KB (167 words) - 12:47, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.15 Optomechanical Engineer
* Model Optical Systems * Use Cad Software

3 KB (288 words) - 12:47, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2411.1.4 Budget Analyst
...institutions and companies. They prepare budget reports, review the budget model used in the company and ensure compliance with the budgeting policies and o * Use Office Systems

1 KB (141 words) - 12:48, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.10 Sensor Engineer
* Model Sensor * Use Technical Drawing Software

3 KB (306 words) - 12:48, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.12 Product Development Engineering Drafter
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Manual Draughting Techniques

1 KB (158 words) - 12:48, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.10 Marine Engineering Drafter
* Use Computer-Aided Engineering Systems * Use Technical Drawing Software

2 KB (203 words) - 12:48, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2634.2.4 Psychotherapist
...mproving relationships, capabilities, and problem-solving techniques. They use science-based psychotherapeutic methods such as behavioural therapy, existe * Formulate A Case Conceptualisation Model For Therapy

5 KB (576 words) - 12:50, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2163.1.1 Automotive Designer
'''Automotive Designer''': Automotive designers create model designs in 2D or 3D and prepare isometric drawings and graphics. They also * Use A Computer

2 KB (236 words) - 12:50, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2634.2.1 Clinical Psychologist
...nditions through use of cognitive tools and appropriate intervention. They use clinical psychological resources on the basis of psychological science, its * Use Clinical Assessment Techniques

5 KB (541 words) - 12:50, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2149.10.1 Photonics Engineer
* Model Optical Systems * Use Cad Software

3 KB (294 words) - 12:50, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2114.1.2 Exploration Geologist
* Model Mineral Deposits * Use Earth Sciences Tools

2 KB (171 words) - 12:50, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.19 Rotating Equipment Engineer
* Use Computer-Aided Engineering Systems * Use A Computer

2 KB (240 words) - 12:51, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.18 Rolling Stock Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cad Software

2 KB (274 words) - 12:51, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2269.9.2 Art Therapist
* Formulate A Case Conceptualisation Model For Therapy * Use Art In A Therapeutic Setting

3 KB (322 words) - 12:51, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.5 Medical Device Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Model Medical Devices

3 KB (323 words) - 12:51, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 7536.1.1 Leather Goods Finishing Operator
...formation received from the supervisor and from the technical sheet of the model. They apply techniques for ironing, creaming or oiling, for the applicatio * Use It Tools

1 KB (199 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.7 Electromechanical Drafter
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cad Software

2 KB (233 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.1 Aerospace Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cam Software

2 KB (224 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.9 Satellite Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Build A Product'S Physical Model

2 KB (230 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 7536.2.2 Footwear Cad Patternmaker
...make series of patterns (grading) to produce a range of the same footwear model in different sizes. * Use It Tools

2 KB (210 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.21 Tooling Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Build A Product'S Physical Model

2 KB (283 words) - 12:52, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2144.1.9 Industrial Tool Design Engineer
* Use Cad Software * Use Technical Drawing Software

2 KB (265 words) - 12:53, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2151.1.2 Electromagnetic Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Model Electromagnetic Products

3 KB (281 words) - 12:53, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.13 Rolling Stock Engineering Drafter
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Use Cadd Software

2 KB (197 words) - 12:53, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2149.2.4 Design Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Build A Product'S Physical Model

2 KB (223 words) - 12:54, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2263.3.1 Ergonomist
* Use Cad Software * Use Technical Drawing Software

1 KB (176 words) - 12:54, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.11 Mechanical Engineering Drafter
* Use Manual Draughting Techniques * Use Cad Software

2 KB (234 words) - 12:54, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2149.2.1 Calculation Engineer
* Create A Product'S Virtual Model * Use Cad Software

1 KB (156 words) - 12:54, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.8 Electronics Drafter
* Use Cad Software * Use Technical Drawing Software

2 KB (208 words) - 12:54, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3115.1.9 Material Stress Analyst
'''Material Stress Analyst''': Material stress analysts plan and use software to perform structural analyses including static, stability and fat * Use A Computer

2 KB (222 words) - 12:55, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 3118.3.6 Electrical Drafter
* Model Electrical System * Use Technical Drawing Software

2 KB (241 words) - 12:55, 26 February 2021
ISCO Specialization 2152.1.6 Microelectronics Engineer
* Use Technical Drawing Software * Model Microelectronics

3 KB (290 words) - 12:55, 26 February 2021
BCBS 134
...incremental to any default risk captured in the bank's value at risk (VaR) model. The incremental default risk charge (IDRC) was incorporated into the tradi ...risk model recognition. Banks that have already received the specific risk model recognition under the 1996 Market Risk Amendment would not be required to i

4 KB (627 words) - 11:43, 26 March 2021
BCBS 140
...at is incremental to any default risk captured in the bank's value-at-risk model. The incremental default risk charge was incorporated into the trading book ...necessary. Furthermore, the Committee clarifies that it is permissible to use a weighting scheme for historical data that is not fully consistent with th

5 KB (717 words) - 11:43, 26 March 2021
BCBS 141
...incremental to any default risk captured in the bank's value-at-risk (VaR) model. The incremental default risk charge was incorporated into the trading book ...ling short-run P&L volatility (eg backtesting requirements) allows the use of relatively short data windows for estimating VaR parameters (as short as

5 KB (720 words) - 11:43, 26 March 2021
BCBS 152
...made by banks in developing their economic capital frameworks, the further use and recognition of risk measures derived from these frameworks remain subje ...c Capital]], [[Operational Risk]], [[Market Risk]], [[Risk Management]], [[Model Validation]], [[Risk Measures]], [[Risk Aggregation]], [[Credit Risk]]

3 KB (397 words) - 11:43, 26 March 2021
BCBS 159
...incremental to any default risk captured in the bank's value-at-risk (VaR) model. The incremental default risk charge was incorporated into the trading book ...ling short-run P&L volatility (eg backtesting requirements) allows the use of relatively short data windows for estimating VaR parameters (as short as

7 KB (1,041 words) - 12:46, 26 March 2021
BCBS 171
...heir models on an ongoing basis. Backtesting is an integral element of the model validation process and the financial crisis has revealed that additional gu * Keywords: [[Backtesting]], [[Credit Risk Models]], [[Model Validation]], [[Counterparty Credit Risk]], [[Credit Risk]]

3 KB (396 words) - 11:44, 26 March 2021
BCBS 185
...heir models on an ongoing basis. Backtesting is an integral element of the model validation process and the financial crisis has revealed that additional gu

2 KB (320 words) - 11:44, 26 March 2021
BCBS 22
''Supervisory Framework For The Use Of "BACKTESTING" In Conjunction With The Internal Models Approach To Market ...ks. The essence of the technique is to compare actual trading results with model-generated risk measures. The other two papers in the package are an overvie

2 KB (272 words) - 11:44, 26 March 2021
BCBS 279
...-CCR limits the need for discretion by national authorities, minimises the use of banks' internal estimates, and avoids undue complexity by drawing upon p ...Future Exposure]], [[Current Exposure Method]], [[SA-CCR]], [[Non-internal Model Method]], [[Replacement Cost]], [[Standardised Method]], [[NIMM]], [[Counte

5 KB (708 words) - 12:42, 31 March 2021
BCBS 57
...is period. Looking forward, the Models Task Force believes that banks that use the internal models approach should continue to reassess the performance of

3 KB (382 words) - 11:46, 26 March 2021
BCBS 71
...is time, significant hurdles, principally concerning data availability and model validation, still need to be cleared before these objectives can be met, an

3 KB (403 words) - 11:46, 26 March 2021
BCBS 80
...that provide a view of the bank's level and composition of capital and the use of any hybrid capital instruments. </li> ...strong>; disclosure of the type of market risk models used (e.g. VAR), the model's parameters, the bank's policies and procedures for back testing and the d

6 KB (872 words) - 11:46, 26 March 2021
BCBS D309
...proving the transparency of the internal model-based approaches that banks use to calculate minimum regulatory capital requirements. ...ith respect to the previous Pillar 3 disclosure requirements relate to the use of templates for quantitative disclosure accompanied with definitions, some

3 KB (455 words) - 11:47, 26 March 2021
BCBS D311
...es the Committee's June 2006 guidance which was based on the incurred-loss model of accounting. ...in which the Committee expects internationally active banks to limit their use of particular simplifications and/or practical expedients included in the r

3 KB (424 words) - 11:47, 26 March 2021
BCBS D330
<li>emphasising the need for early intervention and the use of recovery and resolution tools, and updating supervisory communication po ...as incorporating macroprudential assessments, stress testing and business model analysis, and reinforcing the importance of sound corporate governance at b

3 KB (467 words) - 11:47, 26 March 2021
BCBS D362
...iation in credit risk-weighted assets - constraints on the use of internal model approaches - consultative document''. ...iation in credit risk-weighted assets - constraints on the use of internal model approaches sets out the Committee's proposed changes to the advanced i

3 KB (465 words) - 11:48, 26 March 2021
BCBS D513
..., and model performance (including data availability and the need for post-model adjustments).

2 KB (337 words) - 11:49, 26 March 2021
BCBS WP17
...Supervisors need to assess whether the use of the model, as opposed to the model itself, is in accordance with regulatory expectations and requirements. * Keywords: [[Vendor Model]], [[Loss-given-default]], [[IRB]], [[Probability Of Default]], [[Exposure

3 KB (391 words) - 11:50, 26 March 2021
Scorecard
...Model]] specification of a standardized [[Predictive Model]] in the [[Risk Model Ontology]] == Model Use Context ==

1 KB (191 words) - 19:54, 11 March 2024
Greenwashing
...uld include<ref>Towards Sustainable Businesses: Good Practices in Business Model, Risks and Opportunities Reporting in the EU, EFRAG, 2021</ref> * Incomplete or inapproriate use of corporate issue CO2 data

7 KB (940 words) - 20:12, 11 March 2024
ESG Risk Appetite
...backward-looking and forward-looking indicators tailored to their business model and complexity.

2 KB (250 words) - 18:08, 8 February 2024
XBRL Definition Linkbase
...two concepts have similar meaning. For example, some airlines may want to use the term Planes to describe their main component of their Property Plant an * '''requires-element'''. As its name indicates, taxonomy builders use it to force instance creators to enter the value of one element, if they pr

2 KB (359 words) - 15:22, 28 April 2023
XBRL Parent-Child Relationship
Relationships files use parent-child hierarchies to model several different relationships, including presentation, particular cases

608 bytes (81 words) - 16:47, 28 April 2023
How To Reduce GHG Uncertainty
...ompiling an inventory, and it is particularly important to ensure that the model and the data collected are fair representations of the real world. <ref>201 * Improving models: Improving the model structure and parameterisation can lead to better understanding and charact

4 KB (536 words) - 22:41, 4 November 2021
Risk Score
Conceptually a Risk Score is a [[Risk Model]]. Implicit in the construction / compilation of the score is a casual, cau ...the rigor of formal [[Model Validation]] and assessment / management of [[Model Risk]] and thus suffer from [[Bias]] or [[Blind Spot]].

2 KB (314 words) - 20:12, 11 March 2024
GPC Methodology Reference
NB: this table is not exhaustive. Cities may use alternative methodologies, activity data and emission factors as appropriat | ASIF model (Activity, Share, Intensity, Fuel)

6 KB (781 words) - 22:36, 10 February 2022
PlantUML
*** [[Use Case Diagram]] *** C4 Model (via additional macros included in standard library)

1 KB (153 words) - 14:10, 18 February 2022
Activity Diagram
...lows of distinct activities and actions. Activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational processes, as well as the correspondi ...m of activities. An activity itself can describe the implementation of a [[Use Case Diagram]]. At a very detailed level an activity diagram can also defin

2 KB (346 words) - 21:22, 16 February 2022
Physical Input-Output Tables
strengths of [[Input-Output Model]] modeling with [[Material Flow Analysis]] (MFA) ...ty in available datasets along with limited applications demonstrating the use of PIOT

1 KB (185 words) - 16:34, 28 February 2022
Land Use
...om an economic perspective. In the context of [[Environmental Input-Output Model]] this connection leads to the estimation of the environmental footprint (e * land use (LU)

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Production Function
...on in the context of [Input-Output Model]] is the Leontief model, a linear model based on Leontief production functions and a given vector of final demand. * Sectors use inputs in fixed proportions: Leontief production function

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Dynamic Input-Output Models
...g for more sophisticated temporal behavior <ref>Eurostat Manual of Supply, Use and Input-Output Tables, 2008 edition</ref>, <ref>R.E. Miller and P.D. Blai ...endent developments that cannot be represented in a stationary equilibrium model.

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Water Use
...raction (consumption and withdrawal). In the EEIO analytical context Water Use is one of the commonly considered [[Environmental Impact]] factors or stres ...on of the environmental multipliers by products follow the standard demand model of Leontief (1966), where environmental pressures per million euro Q are ca

2 KB (313 words) - 16:47, 28 February 2022
Input-Output Model
...term ''Input-Output Table'' or [[Input-Output Matrix]]) is a mathematical model constructed from observed economic data which provides information about th ...ans of presenting a detailed analysis of the process of production and the use of goods and services (products) and the income generated in that productio

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Ghosh Model
...[Input-Output Model]] to the more commonly used ''demand side'' [[Leontief Model]]. ..., Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 2009</ref> but interpret and use them differently.

3 KB (444 words) - 18:12, 16 November 2023
Multiregional Input-Output Model
...IO) is an extension of the basic (implicitly single region) [[Input-Output Model]] that encompasses economies that operate under different jurisdictions.<re ...ns of consumption, be it for greenhouse gas emissions, land use, and water use. Input-output tables display the interconnection between different sectors

7 KB (1,082 words) - 18:29, 16 November 2023
Balanced Input-Output Model
...efers to adjustments that may be necessary to perform on an [[Input-Output Model]] that is constructed on the basis of imperfect data to ensure that any app * Total Supply must equal Total Use in a [[Supply And Use Framework]]

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Environmental Input-Output Database
...scope, sector and product granularity, construction methodology, intended use and availability. The following is a partial list that focuses on the major ...a on socio-economic and environmental indicators at the industry level for use in a wide variety of applications.

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Generalized Input-Output Analysis
...ented Leontief Model'' denotes any extension of the fundamental [[Leontief Model]] for input-output analysis. ...al pattern in generalized IO analysis is to link the core economic network model with satellited accounts or models that link economic phenomena to other di

2 KB (229 words) - 18:06, 16 November 2023
FM SFLP.Borrower Credit Score at Origination
...e typically based on a proprietary statistical model that is developed for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term

2 KB (315 words) - 16:25, 11 March 2023
FM SFLP.Co-Borrower Credit Score at Origination
...e typically based on a proprietary statistical model that is developed for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term

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FM SFLP.Borrower Credit Score At Issuance
...r use by [[Credit Data]] repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score.

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FM SFLP.Co-Borrower Credit Score At Issuance
...d for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term

1 KB (225 words) - 16:27, 11 March 2023
FM SFLP.Borrower Credit Score Current
...d for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score.

1 KB (217 words) - 18:07, 11 March 2023
FM SFLP.Co-Borrower Credit Score Current
...e typically based on a proprietary statistical model that is developed for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term

1 KB (206 words) - 18:05, 11 March 2023
FM SFLP Template
...d for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term ...d for use by credit data repositories. These credit repositories apply the model to borrower credit information to arrive at a credit score. When this term

30 KB (4,662 words) - 12:30, 13 May 2024
European Sustainability Reporting Standards
* ''Strategy'' (SBM): how the undertaking’s strategy and business model(s) interact with its material impacts, risks and opportunities, including t ...uires the undertaking shall disclose its plans to ensure that its business model and strategy are compatible with the transition to a sustainable economy, a

9 KB (1,271 words) - 15:30, 31 May 2023
ESRS E5 Resources and Circular Economy
...duction of renewable resources (referred to in this Standard as ''resource use and circular economy'') in terms of material positive and negative actual o ...my, including its measures to help decoupling its economic growth from the use of materials

2 KB (274 words) - 10:34, 10 May 2023