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Latest revision as of 09:43, 21 April 2026

About the Open Risk Manual

The Open Risk Manual is an open online repository of information about Risk Management in all its forms. The Manual is developed and maintained by Open Risk. Our objective is to create a comprehensive, detailed, authoritative collection of risk management resources that are easily accessible by anybody, anywhere - well, network access is currently required! You can read more about the Open Risk Manual concept here.

Support the Maintenance and Development of the Open Risk Manual

Help us keeping the Open Risk Manual going and expanding the breadth and depth of its coverage. You can now donate any amount using the Support the Manual button on the top navigation bar.

Get Involved!

As part of our plan to make the Open Risk Manual as widely accessible and usable as possible, we are deploying an Android app version. If you are interestested in this functionality you can try out the app during the open testing period. Feedback is most welcome!
You can provide short anonymous feedback on any page by clicking on the "Help improve this page" box at the end of every page.
Questions? Check the Frequently Asked Questions for answers to common issues.
Join the community at the Open Risk Commons
Alternatively you can also post and discuss pages in our Reddit Channel or our mastodon Open Risk Fediverse Account

Latest Updates

Data Centers (New Category)
Information Technology (Update)
NACE 2.1 Classification (New Taxonomy)
Supply Chain Risk (New Category)
Business Impact Analysis (Category Update)
LGD Models (Category Update)
OECD Climate Actions and Policies Measurement Framework (New Category)
SDMX (New Category)
Sustainability Risk (New Category)

Featured Categories

The tables below organize some of the currently available risk manual articles in a convenient set of categories. Keep in mind that an article can appear in several categories (and there are many more categories than those in the tables). Would you like to recommend a new category? Use the feedback button at the bottom of the page!

Sustainability

These categories focus on new developments such as new markets, new products or emerging risks linked to the sustainability transition

European Finance	Climate-Related Risk
Sustainable Finance	Open Source
Open Data	Supply Chain Finance

Credit Portfolio Management

The Credit Portfolio Management category covers all things credit. From the assessment of credit risk, the functioning and setup of firms granting credit to the relevant regulation and accounting standards.

Credit Portfolio Management	Credit Scoring
IFRS 9 and CECL	Credit Networks
EBA Templates	Securitisation
ESMA Templates	Interest Rate Risk
ALM	Credit Origination
Credit Risk	FIBO Taxonomy

Information Technology and Quantitative Tools

IT and Quantitative tools are indispensable in risk management and this collection of articles aims to make it easy to review the state-of-the-art in each area

Quantitative Risk Management	Quantitative Tools
Model Risk	Fintech

General Risk Management and Regulation

General topics that touch all aspects of risk management

Risk Management	Regulation
Market Risk	Business Risk
Operational Risk	How To's
X versus Y	Historical Events
Glossaries	Risk Management Jobs

Offline Functionality

We are rolling out a new feature that aims to support offline availability of some of the Open Risk Manual content. The approach is to generate PDF files from a selection of entries. First examples are available from the

The collection of such "pdf books" is also be available on a dedicated github repository. NB: The present collection is experimental and limited in both scope and presentation.

Graphical Browsers

Besides searching for articles by keyword, the Open Risk Manual offers a number of options to browse using visual category trees

Browse by Risk Type, as classified according to a Risk Taxonomy
Browse using the Periodic Table of Risk, with a focus on elementary causes of risk

Open Risk Academy Courses

Follow up with more in-depth exploration of topics at the Open Risk Academy. The following is the catalog of available courses (open and free - but registration is required).

Open Risk White Papers

Dive with us into a variety of technical topics.

Open Risk Blog Posts

Announcement, commentary, demos and other topics discussed at Open Risk Blog Posts

Further Open Risk Resources

Explore Further Open Risk Resources for a variety of tools and other content relevant for risk management and sustainable finance.

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 The '''Open Risk Manual''' is an open online repository of information about [[Risk Management]] in all its forms. The Manual is developed and maintained by [https://www.openriskmanagement.com Open Risk].  Our objective is to create a comprehensive, detailed, authoritative collection of risk management resources that are easily accessible by anybody, anywhere - well, network access is currently required!  You can read more about the Open Risk Manual concept [[Open_Risk_Manual:About | here]].
-=== Support the Maintenance and Development of the Open Risk Manual ===
+== Support the Maintenance and Development of the Open Risk Manual ==
 Help us keeping the Open Risk Manual going and expanding the breadth and depth of its coverage. You can now donate any amount using the [https://buy.stripe.com/fZe01M5QK2aY97q8ww Support the Manual] button on the top navigation bar.
-=== Help us test the Android app version of the Open Risk Manual ===
+== Get Involved! ==
-As part of our plan to make the Open Risk Manual as widely accessible and usable as possible, we are deploying an Android app version. If you are interestested in this functionality you can try out the app during the open testing period.
-You can join the testing via a [https://play.google.com/apps/testing/org.openriskmanual.www.twa web link] or directly at the [https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.openriskmanual.www.twa Google Play app store].
-[[File:Screenshot 2024-09-06 at 15-05-29 Open Risk Manual - Apps on Google Play.png|alt="ORM Logo"|thumb| Open Risk Manual Android App]]
-=== Get Involved! ===
+* As part of our plan to make the Open Risk Manual as widely accessible and usable as possible, we are deploying an Android app version. If you are interestested in this functionality you can [[Open Risk Manual Android App | try out the app]] during the open testing period. Feedback is most welcome!
 * You can provide short '''anonymous feedback''' on any page by clicking on the "Help improve this page" box at the end of every page.
 * Questions? Check the [[Frequently Asked Questions]] for answers to common issues.
@@ Line 22: / Line 15: @@
 * Alternatively you can also post and discuss pages in our [https://www.reddit.com/r/open_risk/ Reddit Channel] or our mastodon [https://mastodon.social/deck/@openrisk Open Risk Fediverse Account]
-=== Latest Updates ===
+== Latest Updates ==
+* [[:Category:Data Centers | Data Centers]] (New Category)
 * [[Information Technology]] (Update)
 * [[NACE 2.1 Classification]] (New Taxonomy)
@@ Line 32: / Line 26: @@
 * [[:Category:SDMX | SDMX ]] (New Category)
 * [[:Category:Sustainability Risk | Sustainability Risk]] (New Category)
-* [[:Category:Dates And Times | Dates And Times]] (Reorganized Category)
-== Open Risk Academy Courses ==
-Follow up with more in-depth exploration of topics at the [https://www.openriskacademy.com/ Open Risk Academy].  The following is the [[Open Risk Academy Courses | catalog]] of available courses (open and free - but registration is required).
 == Featured Categories  ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 35: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
 |<i class="fa fa-eur pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:European Finance|{{ tip | '''European Finance'''  | Articles about the European Financial Landscape}} ]]
 |<i class="fa fa-leaf pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Climate-Related Risk|{{ tip | '''Climate-Related Risk'''  | Climate-Related Risks}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-leaf pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Sustainable Finance|{{ tip | '''Sustainable Finance'''  | Sustainable Finance}} ]]
-|-
 |<i class="fa fa-code pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Open Source|{{tip | '''Open Source'''  | Articles about the use of Open Source for risk management}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-database pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Open Data| {{tip | '''Open Data''' | Articles about open data in risk management context.}}]]
@@ Line 69: / Line 59: @@
 |<i class="fa fa-check fa-2x pull-left fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Credit Scoring| {{tip | '''Credit Scoring''' | Articles specific to credit scoring (concepts, model development, validation and more).}}]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-tag pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:IFRS 9|{{ tip | '''IFRS 9 and CECL'''  | Articles about the new Accounting  Rules for Credit Assets.}} ]]
-|-
 |<i class="fa fa-refresh pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Credit Network|{{tip | '''Credit Networks'''  | Articles about the business models of granting credit}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-folder-open-o pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:EBA_NPL_Template| {{tip | '''EBA Templates''' | Documentation of the EBA portfolio templates}} ]]
@@ Line 82: / Line 73: @@
 [[:Category:ESMA Securitisation Template| {{tip | '''ESMA Templates''' | Documentation of the ESMA securitisation templates}} ]]
 |<i class="fa fa-sliders pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Interest Rate Risk|{{ tip | '''Interest Rate Risk'''  | Interest Rate Risks}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-exchange pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:ALM| {{tip | '''ALM'''  | Articles specific to the techniques, issues and challenges of asset and liability management.}}]]
-|-
 |<i class="fa fa-folder-open-o pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Credit Origination| {{tip | '''Credit Origination''' | The EBA Guidelines on Credit Origination}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-question fa-2x pull-left fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Credit Risk| {{tip | '''Credit Risk''' | Articles specific to credit risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]
@@ Line 101: / Line 93: @@
 [[:Category:Quantitative Risk Management| {{tip | '''Quantitative Risk Management''' | Articles about quantitative approaches to risk management}} ]]
 |<i class="fa fa-superscript pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Quantitative Tools|{{ tip | '''Quantitative Tools'''  | Articles relating to mathematical or programming techniques relevant for risk management}}]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-cloud pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Model Risk| {{tip | '''Model Risk'''  | Articles covering the risks associated with the use quantitative models in risk management.}}]]
-|-
-|
-|
 |<i class="fa fa-credit-card pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Fintech|{{tip | '''Fintech'''  | Articles about fintech businesses and the related risk management challenges.}} ]]
@@ Line 118: / Line 108: @@
 [[:Category:Risk Management|{{tip | '''Risk Management''' | Articles about general topics of risk management, widely applicable principles, guidelines etc.}}]]
 |<i class="fa fa-legal fa-2x pull-left fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Regulation|{{tip | '''Regulation''' | Everything linked to financial services regulation.}}]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-level-down pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Market Risk| {{tip | '''Market Risk''' | Articles specific to market risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]
+|<i class="fa fa-bank pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
+[[:Category:Business Risk| {{tip | '''Business Risk''' | Articles specific to business risk management (for the typical banking businesses)}} ]]
 |-
-|<i class="fa fa-bank pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
-[[:Category:Business Risk| {{tip | '''Business Risk''' | Articles specific to business risk management (for the typical banking businesses)}} ]]
 |<i class="fa fa-flash pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Operational Risk| {{tip | '''Operational Risk''' | Articles specific to operational risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]
@@ Line 132: / Line 123: @@
 [[:Category:X versus Y|{{ tip | '''X versus Y'''  | Collection of X versus Y articles}} ]]
 |<i class="fa fa-comment pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Historical Events| {{ tip | '''Historical Events''' | Historical events of significance for the development of the risk management discipline.}} ]]
+|-
 |<i class="fa fa-list pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Glossary| {{ tip | '''Glossaries''' | Collections of definitions of related terms.}} ]]
-|-
 |<i class="fa fa-user pull-left fa-2x fa-fw"></i>
 [[:Category:Risk Management Jobs| {{tip | '''Risk Management Jobs''' | Articles about the diverse landscape of Risk Management professions}} ]]
-|
-|
 |}
-== White Papers ==
+== Offline Functionality ==
+We are rolling out a new feature that aims to support ''offline availability'' of some of the Open Risk Manual content. The approach is to generate PDF files from a selection of entries. First examples are available from the
+* [[:Category:Data Privacy | Data Privacy]],
+* [[:Category:GHG Protocol | GHG Protocol]] and
+* [[:Category:Cyber Risk | Cyber Risk]] categories.
-=== Latest ===
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_tensor_representations_of_activitypub_networks/ Tensor Representations of ActivityPub Networks]
+The collection of such "pdf books" is also be available on a dedicated [https://github.com/open-risk/Open-Risk-Manual-PdfBooks github repository]. NB: The present collection is experimental and limited in both scope and presentation.
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_integrated_energy_accounting_using_relational_databases/  Integrated energy accounting using relational databases]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_systems_part_ii_techniques_for_federated_data_analysis/ Federated Credit Systems: Part 2]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_deep_linking_financial_and_energy_accounting/ Deep Linking Financial and Energy Accounting]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_sustainable_portfolio_management_attribution_allocation_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions/ Sustainable Portfolio Management: Attribution and Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_connecting_the_dots_concentration_economic_networks/  Concentration, diversity, inequality and sparsity in economic networks]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_part_i_systems_unbundling_the_credit_provision_business_model/ Federated Credit Systems: Part 1]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_part_i_systems_unbundling_the_credit_provision_business_model/ Economic Networks as Property Graphs]
-=== Archive ===
+== Graphical Browsers ==
+Besides searching for articles by [[Special:Search | keyword]], the Open Risk Manual offers a number of options to browse using visual category trees
+* Browse by Risk Type, as classified according to a [[Risk Taxonomy|'''Risk Taxonomy''']]
+* Browse using the [[Periodic Table of Risk | '''Periodic Table of Risk''']], with a focus on elementary causes of risk
-[https://www.openriskmanagement.com/open-risk-white-papers/ Open Risk White Papers]
+=== Open Risk Academy Courses ===
-== Blog Posts ==
+Follow up with more in-depth exploration of topics at the [https://www.openriskacademy.com/ Open Risk Academy].  The following is the [[Open Risk Academy Courses | catalog]] of available courses (open and free - but registration is required).
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/taking-stock-united-nations-open-source-principles/ Taking Stock of the United Nations Open Source Principles]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/why-so-many-concentrations-indices/ Why are there so many concentration indices?]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/what-can-we-learn-from-random-walks-on-input-output-tables/ What Can We Learn From Random Walks on Input-Output Tables]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/updated_open_risk_academy_course_input-output-models-with-python/ Updated Open Risk Academy Course: Input-Output Models with Python]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/tailrisk-library-0.2-release/ tailRisk library 0.2 release]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/representing-matrices-as-json-objects-part-2/ Representing Matrices as JSON Objects: Part 2 - Sparse Matrices]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/towards-a-faceted-taxonomy-of-financial-services/ Towards a Faceted Taxonomy of Financial Services]
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/tensor-representations-activitypub-networks/ Connecting the Dots, Tensor Representations of Activitypub Networks]
-== Further Open Risk Resources ==
+== Open Risk White Papers ==
-{|  class="wikitable"
+Dive with us into a variety of [[Open Risk White Papers | technical topics]].
-|-
-! [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Main_Page Open Risk Data]
-! Open Risk  Surveys
-|-
-|
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Fintech_Risk_Event_Data_Model Fintech Risk Event Data Model]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Databreach_Risk_Event_Data_Model Databreach Event Data Model]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Item:Q273 List of Financial Regulators]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Main_Page Launch of Service]
-* About [[Open Risk Data]]
-|
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/awesome-sustainable-finance Awesome Sustainable Finance]
-* [[Open Source Mobile Finance Apps]]  (New List)
-* [[External Credit Assessment Institution]]  (Update Feb 21)
-* [[Covid-19 Pandemic Risk Events]]
-* [[Fintech Risk Events]]
-* [[SME Credit Risk Literature]]
-* [[Non-Performing Loan Valuation]]
-|-
-! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/risk-management-ontologies/ Risk Management Ontologies]
-! [https://github.com/open-risk Open Source Tools]
-|-
-|
-* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/risk-management-ontologies/ Overview]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/doam/index-en.html DOAM (0.4.2)]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/cro/index-en.html CRO]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/nplo/index-en.html NPL]
-* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/rfo/index-en.html RFO]
-|
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/solstice/releases/tag/v0.5.0-alpha Solstice 0.5 (First public release)]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/equinox/releases/tag/v0.5.0-alpha Equinox 0.5 (City Procurement)]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/equinox Equinox (Earth Day 2022) Release 0.4]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/opennpl openNPL Release 0.5.0]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/portfolioAnalytics portfolioAnalytics Release 0.4.0]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/correlationMatrix correlationMatrix Release 0.2.0]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/concentrationMetrics concentrationMetrics Release 0.6.0]
-* [https://github.com/open-risk/transitionMatrix transitionMatrix Release 0.5.0]
-|-
-! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard Open Risk Dashboard]
-! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/posts/ Open Risk Blog Posts]
-|-
-|
-* RegNews [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/news/regulatory Feed Update]
-* RegDB Explorer [https://www.openriskmanual.org/regdb/ Update]
-* Global Mobility Index [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/mobility_data/global_mobility_index New index / visualization]
-* Mobility Data 0.2 [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/mobility_data/about Google Mobility Data Stats and Visualization]
-* Policy Data 0.1 [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/policy_explorer/about Covid-19 Policy Data (Reworked)]
-|
-|-
-!
-!
-|-
-|
-|
-|}
-=== Offline Functionality ===
+== Open Risk Blog Posts ==
-We are rolling out a new feature that aims to support ''offline availability'' of some of the Open Risk Manual content. The approach is to generate PDF files from a selection of entries. First examples are available from the
-* [[:Category:Data Privacy | Data Privacy]],
-* [[:Category:GHG Protocol | GHG Protocol]] and
-* [[:Category:Cyber Risk | Cyber Risk]] categories.
+Announcement, commentary, demos and other topics discussed at [[Open Risk Blog Posts]]
-The collection of such "pdf books" is also be available on a dedicated [https://github.com/open-risk/Open-Risk-Manual-PdfBooks github repository]. NB: The present collection is experimental and limited in both scope and presentation.
+== Further Open Risk Resources ==
-=== Graphical Browsers ===
+Explore [[Further Open Risk Resources]] for a variety of tools and other content relevant for risk management and sustainable finance.
-Besides searching for articles by [[Special:Search | keyword]], the Open Risk Manual offers a number of options to browse using visual category trees
-* Browse by Risk Type, as classified according to a [[Risk Taxonomy|'''Risk Taxonomy''']]
-* Browse using the [[Periodic Table of Risk | '''Periodic Table of Risk''']], with a focus on elementary causes of risk
 [[Category:Root]]