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                        "user": "Wiki admin",
                        "timestamp": "2024-05-21T13:17:46Z",
                        "comment": "/* Latest Updates */",
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                        "*": "=== About the Open Risk Manual ===\nThe '''Open Risk Manual''' is an open online repository of information about risk management in all its forms. The Manual is developed and maintained by Open Risk.  Our objective is to create a comprehensive, detailed, authoritative collection of risk management resources that are easily accessible by anybody, anywhere - well, network access is currently required!  You can read more about the Open Risk Manual concept [[Open_Risk_Manual:About | here]].\n\n=== Get Involved! ===\n* You can provide short '''anonymous feedback''' on any page by clicking on the \"Help improve this page\" box at the end of every page. \n* Questions? Check the [[Frequently Asked Questions]] for answers to common issues.\n* Join the community at the [https://www.openriskcommons.org/ Open Risk Commons] \n* Alternatively you can also post and discuss pages in our [https://www.reddit.com/r/open_risk/ Reddit Channel] or our mastodon [https://mastodon.social/deck/@openrisk Open Risk Fediverse Account]\n\n=== Latest Updates ===\n* [[:Category:Dates And Times | Dates And Times]] (Reorganized Category)\n* [[:Category:Uncertainty | Uncertainty]] (Expanded Category)\n* [[FM SFLP Template]] (Update for 2023 Schema Changes)\n* [[Environmental Input-Output Database]] (Update and New Dedicated DB pages)\n* [[:Category:Energy Risk | Energy Risk]] (New Category)\n* [[Goodhart\u2019s Law]] (Updated)\n* [[Kraljic Model]] (New Entry)\n* [[:Category:EProcurement Ontology | eProcurement Ontology]] (New Category)\n* [[Portfolio Carbon Footprint]] (Update)\n\n== Open Risk Academy Courses ==\nFollow up with more in-depth exploration of topics at the Open Risk Academy.  The following is the catalog of available courses (open and free - self registration required).\n\n{|  class=\"wikitable\"\n|- \n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=36 Financial Literacy]\n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=32 Sustainable Finance]\n|- \n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=61 Money Glossary and The Money Puzzle] \n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=73 Input-Output Model Interactivities]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=64 Introduction to Input-Output Models using Python]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/mod/quiz/view.php?id=799 The Climate Dictionary Quiz]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/mod/page/view.php?id=800 Input-Output Model Mathematics]\n|-\n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=13 General Courses]\n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=26 Risk Modeling using Python] \n|-\n| \n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=54 Introduction to the Open Risk Manual]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=41 Getting Started with the Open Risk Academy]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=25 Academy CrashProgram Demo]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=31 Getting Started with Open Source]\n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=67 Processing Mortgage Data Using Awk and Pandas - Part 2, Performing Book]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=65 Processing Mortgage Data Using Awk and Pandas - Part 1, Static Data]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=48 Exploratory Risk Data Analysis using Pandas, Seaborn and Statsmodels]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=38 Analysis of Credit Migration using Python TransitionMatrix]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=30 Loan Level Templates Using Python]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=32 Managing Loan Portfolio Data Using MongoDB]\n|- \n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=29 Risk Management]\n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=24 Credit Concentration Courses]\n|-\n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=52 Risk Management Crosswords!]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=42 Periodic Table of Risk Elements]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=37 Shortest Possible Course on Risk Management]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=35 Risk Management Questions and Answers]\n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=24 Introduction to Credit Concentration]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=8 CrashProgram: Credit Contagion]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=10 Measuring Name Concentrations]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=22 Measuring Sector Concentrations]\n|- \n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=31 General Data Science]\n! [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/index.php?categoryid=35 Banking Regulation]\n|-\n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=63 Class Inheritance in Data Science]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=60 Overview of Python Semantic Web tools]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=53 Introduction to GeoJSON]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=75 An Introduction to the Copernicus Satellite Data Ecosystem]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=71 Tensor Calculations with the Eigen C++ Library]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=76 Working with large matrices using Command Line Tools]\n|\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=62 Introduction to the EBA NPL Templates]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=46 Introduction to Risk Data Review]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=26 Basel on Credit Concentration Risk]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=28 Credit Concentration in the UK Pillar II]\n* [https://www.openriskacademy.com/course/view.php?id=49 EU Financial Regulations Quiz]\n|}\n\n== Featured Categories  ==\nThe tables below organize some of the currently available risk manual articles in a convenient set of categories. Keep in mind that an article can appear in several categories (and there are many more [[Special:Categories | categories]] than those in the tables). Would you like to recommend a new category? Use the feedback button at the bottom of the page!\n\n=== Sustainability  ===\nThese categories focus on new developments such as new markets, new products or emerging risks linked to the sustainability transition\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"width:100%\"\n\n|<i class=\"fa fa-eur pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:European Finance|{{ tip | '''European Finance'''  | Articles about the European Financial Landscape}} ]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-leaf pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Climate-Related Risk|{{ tip | '''Climate-Related Risk'''  | Climate-Related Risks}} ]] \n|<i class=\"fa fa-leaf pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Sustainable Finance|{{ tip | '''Sustainable Finance'''  | Sustainable Finance}} ]] \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-code pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Open Source|{{tip | '''Open Source'''  | Articles about the use of Open Source for risk management}} ]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-database pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Open Data| {{tip | '''Open Data''' | Articles about open data in risk management context.}}]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-chain pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Supply Chain Finance| {{tip | '''Supply Chain Finance''' | Articles about the Supply Chain Finance and its Risks}} ]]   \n|}\n\n=== Credit Portfolio Management ===\nThe Credit Portfolio Management category covers all things credit. From the assessment of credit risk, the functioning and setup of firms granting credit to the relevant regulation and accounting standards.\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"width:100%\"\n|<i class=\"fa fa-cubes fa-2x pull-left fa-fw\"></i> \n[[:Category:Credit_Portfolio_Management|{{tip | '''Credit Portfolio Management''' | The art and science of managing credit portfolios.}}]]\n|<i class=\"fa fa-check fa-2x pull-left fa-fw\"></i> \n[[:Category:Credit Scoring| {{tip | '''Credit Scoring''' | Articles specific to credit scoring (concepts, model development, validation and more).}}]]\n|<i class=\"fa fa-tag pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:IFRS 9|{{ tip | '''IFRS 9 and CECL'''  | Articles about the new Accounting  Rules for Credit Assets.}} ]] \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-refresh pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Credit Network|{{tip | '''Credit Networks'''  | Articles about the business models of granting credit}} ]] \n|<i class=\"fa fa-folder-open-o pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:EBA_NPL_Template| {{tip | '''EBA Templates''' | Documentation of the EBA portfolio templates}} ]]     \n|<i class=\"fa fa-sort-amount-desc pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Securitisation|{{ tip | '''Securitisation'''  | The rebuilding of the Securitisation market in Europe and Globally.}}]]  \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-folder-open-o pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:ESMA Securitisation Template| {{tip | '''ESMA Templates''' | Documentation of the ESMA securitisation templates}} ]]    \n|<i class=\"fa fa-sliders pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Interest Rate Risk|{{ tip | '''Interest Rate Risk'''  | Interest Rate Risks}} ]] \n|<i class=\"fa fa-exchange pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:ALM| {{tip | '''ALM'''  | Articles specific to the techniques, issues and challenges of asset and liability management.}}]]   \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-folder-open-o pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Credit Origination| {{tip | '''Credit Origination''' | The EBA Guidelines on Credit Origination}} ]]    \n|<i class=\"fa fa-question fa-2x pull-left fa-fw\"></i> \n[[:Category:Credit Risk| {{tip | '''Credit Risk''' | Articles specific to credit risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]\n|<i class=\"fa fa-list pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[FIBO Taxonomy| {{ tip | '''FIBO Taxonomy''' | Articles using the FIBO taxonomy}} ]]  \n|}\n\n=== Information Technology and Quantitative Tools  ===\nIT and Quantitative tools are indispensable in risk management and this collection of articles aims to make it easy to review the state-of-the-art in each area\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"width:100%\"\n|<i class=\"fa fa-cogs pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Quantitative Risk Management| {{tip | '''Quantitative Risk Management''' | Articles about quantitative approaches to risk management}} ]]    \n|<i class=\"fa fa-superscript pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Quantitative Tools|{{ tip | '''Quantitative Tools'''  | Articles relating to mathematical or programming techniques relevant for risk management}}]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-cloud pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Model Risk| {{tip | '''Model Risk'''  | Articles covering the risks associated with the use quantitative models in risk management.}}]]\n|-\n|\n|\n|<i class=\"fa fa-credit-card pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Fintech|{{tip | '''Fintech'''  | Articles about fintech businesses and the related risk management challenges.}} ]] \n|}\n\n=== General Risk Management and Regulation ===\nGeneral topics that touch all aspects of risk management\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\" style=\"width:100%\"\n|<i class=\"fa fa-dashboard fa-2x pull-left fa-fw\"></i> \n[[:Category:Risk Management|{{tip | '''Risk Management''' | Articles about general topics of risk management, widely applicable principles, guidelines etc.}}]]\n|<i class=\"fa fa-legal fa-2x pull-left fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Regulation|{{tip | '''Regulation''' | Everything linked to financial services regulation.}}]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-level-down pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Market Risk| {{tip | '''Market Risk''' | Articles specific to market risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]  \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-bank pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Business Risk| {{tip | '''Business Risk''' | Articles specific to business risk management (for the typical banking businesses)}} ]]    \n|<i class=\"fa fa-flash pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Operational Risk| {{tip | '''Operational Risk''' | Articles specific to operational risk management (concepts, methodologies, best practices and more).}}]]\n|<i class=\"fa fa-hand-o-down pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:HowTo|{{ tip | '''How To's'''  | Collection of How To articles on a variety of topics.}} ]] \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-scissors pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:X versus Y|{{ tip | '''X versus Y'''  | Collection of X versus Y articles}} ]] \n|<i class=\"fa fa-comment pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Historical Events| {{ tip | '''Historical Events''' | Historical events of significance for the development of the risk management discipline.}} ]]  \n|<i class=\"fa fa-list pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Glossary| {{ tip | '''Glossaries''' | Collections of definitions of related terms.}} ]] \n|-\n|<i class=\"fa fa-user pull-left fa-2x fa-fw\"></i>\n[[:Category:Risk Management Jobs| {{tip | '''Risk Management Jobs''' | Articles about the diverse landscape of Risk Management professions}} ]]   \n|\n|\n|}\n\n== White Papers ==\n\n=== Latest ===\n\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_tensor_representations_of_activitypub_networks/ Tensor Representations of ActivityPub Networks]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_integrated_energy_accounting_using_relational_databases/  Integrated energy accounting using relational databases]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_systems_part_ii_techniques_for_federated_data_analysis/ Federated Credit Systems: Part 2]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_deep_linking_financial_and_energy_accounting/ Deep Linking Financial and Energy Accounting]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_sustainable_portfolio_management_attribution_allocation_of_greenhouse_gas_emissions/ Sustainable Portfolio Management: Attribution and Allocation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_connecting_the_dots_concentration_economic_networks/  Concentration, diversity, inequality and sparsity in economic networks]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_part_i_systems_unbundling_the_credit_provision_business_model/ Federated Credit Systems: Part 1]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/white_paper_federated_credit_part_i_systems_unbundling_the_credit_provision_business_model/ Economic Networks as Property Graphs]\n\n=== Archive ===\n\n[https://www.openriskmanagement.com/open-risk-white-papers/ Open Risk White Papers]\n\n== Blog Posts ==\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/representing-matrices-as-json-objects-part-2/ Representing Matrices as JSON Objects: Part 2 - Sparse Matrices]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/towards-a-faceted-taxonomy-of-financial-services/ Towards a Faceted Taxonomy of Financial Services]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/tensor-representations-activitypub-networks/ Connecting the Dots, Tensor Representations of Activitypub Networks]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/mathematical-representations-of-credit-portfolio-data/ Mathematical Representations of Credit Portfolio Data]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/two-new-taxonomies-introduced-open-risk-manual/ Two New Taxonomies Introduced in the Open Risk Manual]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/input-output-models-as-graph-networks/ Input Output Models as Graph Networks]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/exploring-ten-years-of-fosdem-talks/ Exploring 10 years of FOSDEM talks]\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/representing-matrices-as-json-objects-part-1/ Representing Matrices as JSON objects - Part 1]\n\n== Further Open Risk Resources ==\n\n{|  class=\"wikitable\"\n|-\n! [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Main_Page Open Risk Data] \n! Open Risk  Surveys \n|-\n| \n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Fintech_Risk_Event_Data_Model Fintech Risk Event Data Model]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Databreach_Risk_Event_Data_Model Databreach Event Data Model]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Item:Q273 List of Financial Regulators]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/data/index.php/Main_Page Launch of Service]\n* About [[Open Risk Data]]\n|\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/awesome-sustainable-finance Awesome Sustainable Finance]\n* [[Open Source Mobile Finance Apps]]  (New List)\n* [[External Credit Assessment Institution]]  (Update Feb 21)\n* [[Covid-19 Pandemic Risk Events]]\n* [[Fintech Risk Events]]\n* [[SME Credit Risk Literature]]\n* [[Non-Performing Loan Valuation]]\n|- \n! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/risk-management-ontologies/ Risk Management Ontologies] \n! [https://github.com/open-risk Open Source Tools]   \n|-\n|\n* [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/risk-management-ontologies/ Overview]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/doam/index-en.html DOAM (0.4.2)]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/cro/index-en.html CRO] \n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/nplo/index-en.html NPL]\n* [https://www.openriskmanual.org/ns/rfo/index-en.html RFO]\n|\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/solstice/releases/tag/v0.5.0-alpha Solstice 0.5 (First public release)]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/equinox/releases/tag/v0.5.0-alpha Equinox 0.5 (City Procurement)]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/equinox Equinox (Earth Day 2022) Release 0.4]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/opennpl openNPL Release 0.5.0]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/portfolioAnalytics portfolioAnalytics Release 0.4.0]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/correlationMatrix correlationMatrix Release 0.2.0]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/concentrationMetrics concentrationMetrics Release 0.6.0]\n* [https://github.com/open-risk/transitionMatrix transitionMatrix Release 0.5.0]\n|-\n! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard Open Risk Dashboard] \n! [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/posts/ Open Risk Blog Posts]\n|-\n|\n* RegNews [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/news/regulatory Feed Update]\n* RegDB Explorer [https://www.openriskmanual.org/regdb/ Update]\n* Global Mobility Index [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/mobility_data/global_mobility_index New index / visualization]\n* Mobility Data 0.2 [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/mobility_data/about Google Mobility Data Stats and Visualization]\n* Policy Data 0.1 [https://www.openriskmanagement.com/dashboard/policy_explorer/about Covid-19 Policy Data (Reworked)]\n|\n|-\n! \n!\n|-\n|\n|\n|}\n\n=== Offline Functionality ===\nWe are rolling out a new feature that aims to support ''offline availability'' of some of the Open Risk Manual content. The approach is to generate PDF files from a selection of entries. First examples are available from the\n* [[:Category:Data Privacy | Data Privacy]],\n* [[:Category:GHG Protocol | GHG Protocol]] and\n* [[:Category:Cyber Risk | Cyber Risk]] categories. \n\n\nThe collection of such \"pdf books\" is also be available on a dedicated [https://github.com/open-risk/Open-Risk-Manual-PdfBooks github repository]. NB: The present collection is experimental and limited in both scope and presentation.\n\n=== Graphical Browsers ===\nBesides searching for articles by [[Special:Search | keyword]], the Open Risk Manual offers a number of options to browse using visual category trees\n* Browse by Risk Type, as classified according to a [[Risk Taxonomy|'''Risk Taxonomy''']]\n* Browse using the [[Periodic Table of Risk | '''Periodic Table of Risk''']], with a focus on elementary causes of risk\n* Browse the subsets of articles aligned with the [[FIBO Taxonomy]]\n* Browse a [[Special:SemanticHierarchy | '''Semantic Hierachy''']]. ''Please note this page requires some time to load''"
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